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Yamaha RX-V663 Black: Glossary

Glossary: Yamaha RX-V663 Black

GLOSSARY

Glossary

■ Audio and video synchronization

■ Dolby Digital

(lip sync)

Dolby Digital is a digital surround sound system that gives you

Lip sync, an abbreviation for lip synchronization, is a technical

completely independent multi-channel audio. With 3 front

term that involves both a problem and a capability of maintaining

channels (front L/R and center), and 2 surround stereo channels,

audio and video signals synchronized during post-production and

Dolby Digital provides 5 full-range audio channels. With an

transmission. Whereas the audio and video latency requires

additional channel especially for bass effects, called LFE (Low

complex end-user adjustments, HDMI version 1.3 incorporates an

Frequency Effect), the system has a total of 5.1-channels (LFE is

automatic audio and video syncing capability that allows devices

counted as 0.1 channel). By using 2-channel stereo for the

to perform this synchronization automatically and accurately

surround speakers, more accurate moving sound effects and

without user interaction.

surround sound environment are possible than with Dolby

Surround. The wide dynamic range from maximum to minimum

■ Bi-amplification connection

volume reproduced by the 5 full-range channels and the precise

A bi-amplification connection uses two amplifiers for a speaker.

sound orientation generated using digital sound processing

One amplifier is connected to the woofer section of a loudspeaker

provide listeners with unprecedented excitement and realism.

while the other is connected to the combined mid and tweeter

With this unit, any sound environment from monaural up to a 5.1-

section. With this arrangement each amplifier operates over a

channel configuration can be freely selected for your enjoyment.

restricted frequency range. This restricted range presents each

■ Dolby Digital EX

amplifier with a much simpler job and each amplifier is less likely

to influence the sound in some way. The internal crossover of the

Dolby Digital EX creates 6 full-bandwidth output channels from

speaker consists of a LPF (low pass filter) and a HPF (high pass

5.1-channel sources. This is done using a matrix decoder that

filter). As its name implies, the LPF passes frequencies below a

derives 3 surround channels from the 2 in the original recording.

cutoff and rejects frequencies above the cutoff frequency.

For the best results, Dolby Digital EX should be used with movie

Likewise, the HPF passes frequencies above its cutoff.

sound tracks recorded with Dolby Digital Surround EX. With this

additional channel, you can experience more dynamic and

■ Component video signal

realistic moving sound especially with scenes with

With the component video signal system, the video signal is

“fly-over” and “fly-around” effects.

separated into the Y signal for the luminance and the P

B and PR

■ Dolby Digital Plus

signals for the chrominance. Color can be reproduced more

faithfully with this system because each of these signals is

Dolby Digital Plus is an advanced audio technology developed

independent. The component signal is also called the “color

for high-definition programming and media including HD

difference signal” because the luminance signal is subtracted

broadcasts, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Selected as a mandatory

from the color signal. A monitor with component input jacks is

audio standard for HD DVD and as an optional audio standard for

required in order to output component signals.

Blu-ray Disc, this technology delivers multichannel sound with

discrete channel output. Supporting bitrates up to 6.0 Mbps,

INFORMATION

■ Composite video signal

Dolby Digital Plus can carry up to 7.1 discreet audio channels

ADDITIONAL

With the composite video signal system, the video signal is

simultaneously. Supported by HDMI version 1.3 and designed for

composed of three basic elements of a video picture: color,

the optical disc players and AV receivers/amplifiers of the future,

brightness and synchronization data. A composite video jack on a

Dolby Digital Plus also remains fully compatible with the

video component transmits these three elements combined.

existing multichannel audio systems that incorporate Dolby

Digital.

■ Deep Color

Deep Color refers to the use of various color depths in displays,

■ Dolby Pro Logic II

up from the 24-bit depths in previous versions of the HDMI

Dolby Pro Logic II is an improved technique used to decode vast

specification. This extra bit depth allows HDTVs and other

numbers of existing Dolby Surround sources. This new

displays go from millions of colors to billions of colors and

technology enables a discrete 5-channel playback with 2 front left

eliminate on-screen color banding for smooth tonal transitions

and right channels, 1 center channel, and 2 surround left and right

and subtle gradations between colors. The increased contrast ratio

channels instead of only 1 surround channel for conventional Pro

can represent many times more shades of gray between black and

Logic technology. There are three modes available: “Music

white. Also Deep Color increases the number of available colors

mode” for music sources, “Movie mode” for movie sources and

within the boundaries defined by the RGB or YCbCr color space.

“Game mode” for game sources.

■ Dolby Pro Logic IIx

Dolby Pro Logic IIx is a new technology enabling discrete multi-

channel playback from 2-channel or multi-channel sources. There

are three modes available: “Music mode” for music sources,

“Movie mode” for movie sources (for 2-channel sources only)

English

and “Game mode” for game sources.

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Glossary

■ Dolby Surround

■ DTS Express

Dolby Surround uses a 4-channel analog recording system to

DTS Express is an advanced audio technology for the optional

reproduce realistic and dynamic sound effects: 2 front left and

feature on Blu-ray Disc or HD DVD, which offers high-quality,

right channels (stereo), a center channel for dialog (monaural),

low bit rate audio optimized for network streaming, and Internet

and a surround channel for special sound effects (monaural). The

applications. DTS Express is used for the Secondary Audio

surround channel reproduces sound within a narrow frequency

feature of Blu-ray Disc or the Sub Audio feature of HD DVD.

range. Dolby Surround is widely used with nearly all video tapes

These features deliver audio commentaries (for example, the

and laser discs, and in many TV and cable broadcasts as well. The

additional commentaries made by the director of a film) on

Dolby Pro Logic decoder built into this unit employs a digital

demand by the users via the Internet, etc. DTS Express signals are

signal processing system that automatically stabilizes the volume

mixed down with the main audio stream on the player

on each channel to enhance moving sound effects and

component, and the component sends the mixed audio stream to

directionality.

the AV receivers/amplifiers via digital coaxial, digital optical, or

analog connections.

■ Dolby TrueHD

Dolby TrueHD is an advanced lossless audio technology

■ DTS-HD High Resolution Audio

developed for high-definition disc-based media including HD

DTS-HD High Resolution Audio is an high resolution audio

DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Selected as a mandatory audio standard

technology developed for high-definition disc-based media

for HD DVD and as an optional audio standard for Blu-ray Disc,

including HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Selected as an optional

this technology delivers sound that is bit-for-bit identical to the

audio standard for both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc, this

studio master, offering a high-definition home theater experience.

technology delivers sound that is virtually indistinguishable from

Supporting bitrates up to 18.0 Mbps, Dolby TrueHD can carry up

the original, offering a high-definition home theater experience.

to 8 discrete channels of 24-bit/96 kHz audio simultaneously.

Supporting bitrates up to 3.0 Mbps for HD DVD and 6.0 Mbps

Supported by HDMI version 1.3 and designed for the optical disc

for Blu-ray Disc, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio can carry up

players and AV receivers/amplifiers of the future, Dolby TrueHD

to 7.1 discrete channels of 24-bit/96 kHz audio simultaneously.

also remains fully compatible with the existing multichannel

Supported by HDMI version 1.3 and designed for the optical disc

audio systems and retains the metadata capability of Dolby

players and AV receivers/amplifiers of the future, DTS-HD High

Digital, allowing dialog normalization and dynamic range

Resolution Audio also remains fully compatible with the existing

control.

multichannel audio systems that incorporate DTS Digital

Surround.

■ DSD

Direct Stream Digital (DSD) technology stores audio signals on

■ DTS-HD Master Audio

digital storage media, such as Super Audio CDs. Using DSD,

DTS-HD Master Audio is an advanced lossless audio technology

signals are stored as single bit values at a high-frequency

developed for high-definition disc-based media including HD

sampling rate of 2.8224 MHz, while noise shaping and

DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Selected as a mandatory audio standard

oversampling are used to reduce distortion, a common occurrence

for both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc, this technology delivers

with very high quantization of audio signals. Due to the high

sound that is bit-for-bit identical to the studio master, offering a

sampling rate, better audio quality can be achieved than that

high-definition home theater experience. Supporting bitrates up to

offered by the PCM format used for normal audio CDs.

18.0 Mbps for HD DVD and up to 24.5 Mbps for Blu-ray Disc,

DTS-HD Master Audio can carry up to 7.1 discrete channels of

■ DTS 96/24

24-bit/96 kHz audio simultaneously. Supported by HDMI version

DTS 96/24 offers an unprecedented level of audio quality for

1.3 and designed for the optical disc players and AV receivers/

multi-channel sound on DVD video, and is fully backward-

amplifiers of the future, DTS-HD Master Audio also remains

compatible with all DTS decoders. “96” refers to a 96 kHz

fully compatible with the existing multichannel audio systems

sampling rate compared to the typical 48 kHz sampling rate. “24”

that incorporate DTS Digital Surround.

refers to 24-bit word length. DTS 96/24 offers sound quality

transparent to the original 96/24 master, and 96/24 5.1-channel

■ HDMI

sound with full-quality full-motion video for music programs and

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is the first

motion picture soundtracks on DVD video.

industry-supported, uncompressed, all-digital audio/video

interface. Providing an interface between any source (such as a

■ DTS Digital Surround

set-top box or AV receiver) and an audio/video monitor (such as a

DTS digital surround was developed to replace the analog

digital television), HDMI supports standard, enhanced or high-

soundtracks of movies with a 6.1-channel digital sound track, and

definition video as well as multi-channel digital audio using a

is now rapidly gaining popularity in movie theaters around the

single cable. HDMI transmits all ATSC HDTV standards and

world. DTS, Inc. has developed a home theater system so that you

supports 8-channel digital audio, with bandwidth to spare to

can enjoy the depth of sound and natural spatial representation of

accommodate future enhancements and requirements.

DTS digital surround in your home. This system produces

When used in combination with HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital

practically distortion-free 6.1-channel sound (technically, front

Content Protection), HDMI provides a secure audio/video

left and right, center, surround left and right, and LFE 0.1

interface that meets the security requirements of content

(subwoofer) channels for a total of 5.1 channels). This unit

providers and system operators. For further information on

incorporates a DTS-ES decoder that enables 6.1-channel

HDMI, visit the HDMI website at

reproduction by adding the surround back channel to the existing

“http://www.hdmi.org/”.

5.1-channel format.

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Glossary

■ LFE 0.1 channel

■ “x.v.Color”

This channel reproduces low-frequency signals. The frequency

A color space standard supported by HDMI version 1.3. It is a

range of this channel is from 20 Hz to 120 Hz. This channel is

more extensive color space than sRGB, and allows the expression

counted as 0.1 because it only enforces a low-frequency range

of colors that could not be expressed before. While remaining

compared to the full-range reproduced by the other 5/6 channels

compatible with the color gamut of sRGB standards, “x.v.Color”

in Dolby Digital or DTS 5.1/6.1-channel systems.

expands the color space and can thus produce more vivid, natural

images. It is particularly effective for still pictures and computer

■ Neo:6

graphics.

Neo:6 decodes the conventional 2-channel sources for 6- channel

playback by the specific decoder. It enables playback with the

full-range channels with higher separation just like digital

discrete signal playback. There are two modes available: “Music

mode” for music sources and “Cinema mode” for movie sources.

■ PCM (Linear PCM)

Linear PCM is a signal format under which an analog audio

signal is digitized, recorded and transmitted without using any

compression. This is used as a method of recording CDs and

DVD audio. The PCM system uses a technique for sampling the

size of the analog signal per very small unit of time. Standing for

“Pulse Code Modulation”, the analog signal is encoded as pulses

and then modulated for recording.

■ Sampling frequency and number of

quantized bits

When digitizing an analog audio signal, the number of times the

signal is sampled per second is called the sampling frequency,

while the degree of fineness when converting the sound level into

a numeric value is called the number of quantized bits. The range

of rates that can be played back is determined based on the

sampling rate, while the dynamic range representing the sound

level difference is determined by the number of quantized bits. In

principle, the higher the sampling frequency, the wider the range

of frequencies that can be played back, and the higher the number

of quantized bits, the more finely the sound level can be

reproduced.

■ S-video signal

INFORMATION

ADDITIONAL

With the S-video signal system, the video signal normally

transmitted using a pin cable is separated and transmitted as the Y

signal for the luminance and the C signal for the chrominance

through the S-video cable. Using the S VIDEO jack eliminates

video signal transmission loss and allows recording and playback

of even more beautiful images.

English

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